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At the National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR), we believe that knowledge is power.

When you are first diagnosed with cancer, the amount of information can feel overwhelming, but understanding the basics about your disease and treatment options can help you make informed, confident decisions.

This guide is designed to help you navigate the early stages of your journey with clarity and strength.

Understanding Your Diagnosis

When you receive a cancer diagnosis, it’s important to learn as much as you can about:

• The Type of Cancer:
  Different cancers behave differently. For example, breast cancer, lung cancer, and blood cancers each require unique approaches.
• The Stage of Cancer:
  Staging describes how much the cancer has spread. It often ranges from Stage I (early) to Stage IV (advanced or metastatic).
• The Grade of the Tumor:
  Grade refers to how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly they are likely to grow.
• Biomarkers and Genetic Features:
  Some cancers are tested for specific mutations (like HER2, EGFR, or BRCA) that can guide treatment decisions.

Key Tip: Ask for a copy of your pathology report and review it with your doctor — it contains vital information.

Exploring Treatment Options

Your doctor will recommend treatment based on the type, stage, and characteristics of your cancer, as well as your overall health and preferences.

Common treatment types include:

• Surgery:
  Removes the tumor or affected area from the body.
• Radiation Therapy:
  Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy:
  Uses drugs to kill rapidly dividing cells throughout the body.
• Targeted Therapy:
  Focuses on specific genes or proteins that are involved in cancer growth.
• Immunotherapy:
  Helps your immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.
• Hormone Therapy:
  Blocks hormones that fuel certain cancers (e.g., breast or prostate cancer).

In many cases, a combination of treatments is the most effective approach.

Understanding Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are research studies that test new treatments or new ways of using existing treatments.
They can offer access to the latest therapies that are not yet widely available.

Important Facts About Clinical Trials:

• They are carefully regulated for safety.
• You can leave a trial at any time.
• Participation is always voluntary.

Key Tip: Ask your oncologist if you are eligible for any clinical trials — it may expand your options.

Navigating Early Decisions

Here’s how to stay organized and proactive:

• Ask Questions: Prepare a list of questions for your appointments. (Example: What are the side effects? What are my alternatives?)
• Get a Second Opinion: It is normal and smart to seek a second opinion, especially for rare or complex cancers.
• Bring a Support Person: Having a friend or family member at appointments can help you remember details and feel supported.
• Use a Notebook or Folder: Keep all your reports, test results, and notes organized in one place.

NFCR’s Message to You

At NFCR, we believe that you are the most important member of your care team. Understanding your diagnosis and treatment options puts you in a stronger position to make choices that reflect your values, needs, and hopes.

Remember:
Information empowers you.
Asking questions is a sign of strength.
You are not alone — NFCR is here to guide and support you.

Together, we are advancing research, education, and hope.

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